Pdf orientalism, balkanism and the western viewpoint in. Eastern orthodoxy, mysticism east and east, saints east and west, religions of india i, religions of india ii. Milica bakichaydens 6 research works with 544 citations and 181 reads, including. How far back do the ethnic tensions in the balkans go. The study showed that such framing was not solely the result of western control over the images of war but was, to a large extent, a consequence of a set of specific sociohistorical factors, namely the particular political. Orientalism, milica bakichaydens theories on nesting orientalisms. And, she writes, in the balkans the designation of other has been appropriated and manipulated by those who have themselves been designated as such in orientalist discourse. Were there actual hatreds between these two peoples before the 20th century, such as genocides or massive wars. Said, in which the author discusses orientalism, defined as the wests patronizing representations of the eastthe societies and peoples who inhabit the places of asia, north africa, and the middle east. This paper explores the changes in the media discourse on granting and revoking bosnian citizenship of foreigners in the most read bosnian, croatian, and serbian quality daily newspapers from the end of the bosnian war in 1995 until the commission for the revision of decisions on naturalization of foreign citizens finished its work in 2007. Seeing each other rethinking serbianalbanian relations taylor. Milica bakic hayden referred to the phenomenon as nesting orientalism in her famous reflection on the application of saids idea of orientalism to the balkans. Contemporary nesting orientalism in the western balkans on.
Said, in which the author developed the idea of orientalism to define the wests historically patronizing representations of the eastthe societies and peoples who inhabit the places of asia, north africa, and the middle east. The syllabus special issues in anthropological theory. Atdhe hetemi orientalism, balkanism and the western viewpoint in the context of former yugoslavia. These nesting divisions, are also imposed and intensified by the eu perspective of the western balkans, because following the prerequisites of the eu conditionality, the western balkans judge their multiple selves in the race among each other. Milica bakic hayden characterizes this process by which all ethnic groups define the other as the east of diem as nesting orientalism. Religion and society in the balkans and south asia, topics in comparative religion. For him orientalism is, fir st of all, a set of discursive practices through which the west structured the imagined east politically, socially, military, ideologically, scientifically and artistically.
Moreover, this thesis advances bakic hayden s concept of nesting orientalism by demonstrating how the basis of othering in bosnia relates not only to ones cultural status but also to ones perceived urban identity. The article examines the role of the orientalist and balkanist discourse in the former yugoslavia with a particular focus on albanians. The case of former yugoslavia milica bakic hayden the reputation, name, and appearance, the usual measure and weight of a thing, what it counts fororiginally almost always wrong and arbitrary,all this grows from generation unto generation, merely because. By providing the wider academic, but especially the anthropological, context, in which the discussion on the balkans has been unfolding, i will trace the influence of saids seminal work on orientalism 1978 and its effect on subsequent works that expand and ground orientalism in specific regions bakic hayden and hayden 1992, bakic hayden. In the 1990s, balkan ethnic groups fought brutal wars against each other. As developed by milica bakichayden, nesting orientalisms is a conceptual variant of edward said s theory of orientalism.
On local discourses in former yugoslavia, see milica bakic hayden, nesting ori. In ww2, many fought brutal wars against each other. The collapse of sclerotic and dysfunctional oneparty regimes in central and eastern europe, associated with the end of the ussr, and in parts of the. The east thought that we were west, while the west considered us to be east. She is the daughter of historian and politician nikolai todorov, who was speaker of the national assembly of bulgaria, and acting president. This paper introduces the notion of nesting orientalisms to investigate some of the complexity of the eastwest dichotomy which has underlain scholarship on orientalism since the publication of saids classic polemic, a discourse in which east, like west, is much more of a project than a place. Orientalism, the balkans, and balkan historiography. Milica bakic hayden s nesting orientalisms thesis, and maria todorovas imagining the balkans. Milica bakichayden department of religious studies university. Sometimes, things like irony, satire, or humor are more effective in getting at difficult truths or concepts like white privilege, orientalism, and the exoticization of culture.
Western orientalist and balkanist stereotypes in the yugoslavia are examined arguing that the orientalism and balkanism of peoples living in the yugoslavia was and is viewed differently from western standards and by the peoples living in. Another difference between balkanism and orientalism that fleming draws attention to is again related to these two different types of knowledge. The case of former yugoslavia volume 54 issue 4 milica bakichayden skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. East see epigraph to milica bakichayden and robert m. Others, such as maria todorova, have expressed a more critical stance towards the term.
Thus spoke robert kaplan, the author of the book with the. Gender, orientalism, and balkanism in muslimmajority bosniaherzegovina elissa helms east and west kiss in january 1999, a provocative image appeared on billboards and tram. This chapter examines the role of the orientalist and balkanist discourses in the former yugoslavia with a particular focus on albanians. Saids orientalism and the study of christian missions. The notion of the west in the serbian national imaginary. Western orientalist and balkanist stereotypes in the yugoslavia are examined. Orientalism, balkanism and the western viewpoint in the. There are three authors and, subsequently, three seminal works that shall serve as pillars of this theoretical analysis. Orientalism revisited orientalism as a critical category was instituted by edward said in 1978. Article information, pdf download for orientalism within europe. Orientalism, balkanism and the western viewpoint in the context of former yugoslavia. Why does everyone say that croatians and serbians have hated each other for centuries or since the beginning of time. Symbolic geography in recent yugoslav cultural politics 1992, coauthor robert hayden. Symbolic geography in recent yugoslav cultural politics milica bakic hayden and robert m.
Here, western orientalist and balkanist stereotypes of the former yugoslavia are. Bakichayden milica 1995 nesting orientalisms the case of former. They argue that while said associates orientalism as a l5 said, orieiztalism,2. Edward saids orientalism, milica bakichaydens theories on nesting. The article addresses the issue of essentially orientalistic pictorial coverage of the us invasion of iraq in the slovene daily newspaper, delo. From exotic other to stigmatized brother 470 aversion towards the elite, double standards for public and private life and the.
Why does everyone say that croatians and serbians have. Scholars also use other terms to describe internal orientalism, including. In an analysis of interviews with young serbian intellectuals, it evaluates how they use the metaphor of the west to constr. This research paper examines the role of the orientalist and balkanist discourse in the former yugoslavia with a particular focus on albanians. Nesting orientalisms is a concept introduced by milica bakichayden, a visiting lecturer at the. Milica bakic hayden s 6 research works with 535 citations and 181 reads, including. Said argued that orientalism, in the sense of the western scholarship about the eastern world, is. Orientalism, the balkans, and balkan historiography k. Alfed knopf 1995, which recalls lord owens time as cochairman of the steering committee of the international conference on the former yugoslavia, he claims the us media embarked on a policy of misrepresentation of the vopp with maps appearing in american newspapers which bore no resemblance to the plan. Bakic hayden and hayden are closer than the others on the. Course description the course offers a comparative perspective on postcolonialism and postcommunism against the epistemic background of late modernitypostmodernity, an age when the old political and economic scaffolding of both capitalist and communist empires collapses only to give way to new forms of domination.
In eastern europe, milica bakic hayden developed the concept of nesting orientalisms 1992, derived from the ideas of the historian larry wolff inventing eastern europe. As developed by milica bakic hayden, nesting orientalisms is a conceptual variant of edward saids theory of orientalism. I believe that reappropriation can be a powerful tool for creating social change. Some of us misunderstood our place in this clash of currents, so they cried that we belong to. Health, hygiene and eugenics in southeastern europe to 1945. Hayden, and more frequently and by many scholars, the first meaning of local orientalism e.
The geography of these studies is ambiguous, however. Hyperrealizing borat with the map of the european other. Bizarre as it may sound, but there is an internal balkan hierarchy of obscurity and incomprehensibility, and the sandzak is on top of the list. Orientalism, balkanism and the western viewpoint in the context of. Symbolic geography in recent yugoslav cultural politics 1992, coauthor robert hayden, before wolff published inventing eastern europe. Symbolic geographies in croatian accession to the european union totheeuropean union. Hayden deal straightforwardly with the different, nonimperial circumstances of the balkans.
The conception of balkanization within the east west axis. Milica bakichaydens research works university of pittsburgh, pa. Hayden deal straightforwardly with the different, nonimperial circum stances of the balkans. Those who are prepared to acknowledge this fact have fared better with their application of a saidian model to balkan historiography. This article deals with the imagery of the west in contemporary serbia. It is true that bakic hayden s article nesting orientalisms is from 1995, and wolffs book is from 1994, but bakic hayden s idea is already developed to some extent in her 1992 article orientalist variations on the theme balkans. It intends, rather, to point out a variety of ways in which the scholarly debate concerning orientalism can contribute to the study of historical and contemporary international missions. The map of civilization on the mind of the enlightenment, 1994 and saids ideas in orientalism 1978.